How Vacuum Cleaners Work

When you drink through a straw, you are using a simple suction mechanism. Sucking the liquid up causes pressure to drop between the bottom and the top of the straw. With greater pressure at the bottom than the top, the drink is pushed up to your mouth. The same principle happens in a vacuum cleaner.

The conventional vacuum cleaner is made up of six components:

  • An intake port, which can include a cleaning accessories

  • An exhaust port

  • An electric motor

  • A fan

  • A porous bag

  • A housing


    • When you switch on your vacuum cleaner, this is what happens:

  • The electric current makes the motor work. The motor is attached to the fan, which has angled blades.

  • As the fan blades turn, they force air forward, toward the exhaust port.

  • When air particles are driven forward, the density of particles (and therefore the air pressure) increases in front of the fan and decreases behind the fan.

  • This pressure drop behind the fan is just like the pressure drop in a straw when you drink. The pressure level behind the fan drops below the pressure level outside the vacuum cleaner. This creates suction, a partial vacuum, inside the vacuum cleaner. The air pushes itself into the vacuum cleaner through the intake port because the air pressure inside the vacuum cleaner is lower than the pressure outside.


    • this is how a vacuum cleaner works

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